Association of Serum Vitamin D with Risk of Breast Carcinoma: An Observational Case-control Study from Western Maharashtra, India
Published: May 1, 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2024/68958.19421
Haris Jafri, Nilam Memane, Madhura Gandhi, Samir Gupta
1. Surgical Specialist, Department of Surgery, 180 Military Hospital, C/O 99 APO, Missamari, Assam, India.
2. Medical Writer, Department of Central Research Facility, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
3. Statistician, Department of Central Research Facility, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
4. Surgical Specialist, Department of Oncosurgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Correspondence
Dr. Samir Gupta,
Surgical Specialist, Department of Oncosurgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune-411018, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: samir.gupta@dpu.edu.in
Introduction: Breast carcinoma is one of the most prevalent types of carcinoma and the leading cause of death among all carcinomas. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been reported as a risk factor for breast carcinoma. Vitamin D, as an anticarcinoma agent, prevents cellular differentiation, stimulates cell death, reduces angiogenesis, tumour progression, and metastasis.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of breast carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, between November 2018 and October 2020. A total of 57 cases diagnosed with breast carcinoma and 57 healthy controls were analysed. Physical and reproductive health parameters were compared, along with vitamin D status using student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of breast carcinoma.
Results: Out of 114 women, 57 were cases and 57 were controls with a mean age of 52 vs 48 years. The mean value of serum vitamin D levels was significantly lower (19.45 vs 27.91 ng/mL, p<0.001) than controls. The percentage of serum Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in cases (28 (49.1%) vs 12 (21.1%), p<0.001) compared to controls. Vitamin D concentration <20 ng/mL was significantly associated with a higher risk of breast carcinoma (OR 10.8, 95% CI 3.1-37.6). Multiparity ≥3 was associated with a decreased risk of breast carcinoma (OR 2.250, 95% CI 0.599-8.447) compared to parity ≤2 (OR 3.241, 95% CI 0.916-11.466). In luminal A and triple-negative subtypes, severe vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was observed (p=0.045) compared to other subtypes.
Conclusion: The present study findings showed that women diagnosed with breast carcinoma had low vitamin D levels, which were linked to an increased risk and prognosis of breast carcinoma. Furthermore, multiparity lowers the risk of breast carcinoma.
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